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Rationale:
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This policy was initiated to address coverage for multiple specific drug tests in patients who had either not had a drug screen or who had a negative drug screen. While false positives are a problem with drug screens, false negatives are not an issue. A positive result on a drug screen should not be considered definitive without a confirmatory test (a negative test on a drug screen does not require a confirmatory test except in rare instances when the use of "blocking" drugs is suspected) (Jaffee, 2008).
The appropriate test to detect the presence of drugs of abuse or drugs of potential abuse, misuse or diversion is a drug screen, usually using a urine specimen collected, stored, and transferred under controlled conditions. Laboratories shall have their own procedures to ensure the security and validity of each specimen. Testing for specific drugs in the absence of a positive screening test is not considered medically necessary.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention published a guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain (CDC, 2018). In this guideline, the CDC has indicated that urine drug testing should be considered by clinicians for use prior to starting therapy and then annually and/or randomly going forward. Urine drug testing can aid the clinician in assessing prescribed medication use and possible opioid-related harm. The prescriber should take steps to evaluate the patient for risk factors associated with opioid-related harm. Based on a patient’s risk factors, the provider should then determine the need for and frequency of testing.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention published a guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain (CDC, 2018). In this guideline, the CDC has indicated that urine drug testing should be considered by clinicians for use prior to starting therapy and then annually and/or randomly going forward. Urine drug testing can aid the clinician in assessing prescribed medication use and possible opioid-related harm. The prescriber should take steps to evaluate the patient for risk factors associated with opioid-related harm. Based on a patient’s risk factors, the provider should then determine the need for and frequency of testing.
The recommendation does not specify a specific modality to use for the urine drug testing. However, it does indicate that in most instances initial drug testing can be performed with an immunoassay panel. Confirmatory testing should be based on the need to detect a specific drug that cannot be detected on the immunoassay panel or in the event of an unexpected drug showing up on the urine drug test results.
Genetic Testing for Specimen Validity and Prescription Drug Monitoring Panels
Emerging technology is being used to validate urine samples and to monitor adherence to dosing regimens. Genetic tests have been developed that use DNA markers to aid in validation of the identity of laboratory specimens, including but not limited to the ToxLok™ (InSource Diagnostics) and the ToxProtect™ (Genotox Laboratories) tests.
Additionally, tests have been developed to aid in the management of prescription drug regimens. The Cordant Core test is designed to help evaluate whether a patient’s drug concentration is within the expected range for the patient’s particular prescribed dosing regimen. The test uses the patient’s weight, dose frequency and oral fluid pH along with a patent-pending algorithm to evaluate whether the sample is within the expected steady state range through oral fluid testing. The Aegis InterACT Rx (formerly identified as the Aegis Drug-Drug Interaction test) test is designed to test for drug-drug interaction to reduce the risk of adverse drug. The test detects over 1200 substances known to cause drug-drug interactions.
There is currently a lack of peer-review published scientific literature regarding the clinical utility of genetic testing for specimen validity and prescription drug monitoring panels.
2020 Update
Annual policy review completed with a literature search using the MEDLINE database through September 2020. No new literature was identified that would prompt a change in the coverage statement. The key identified literature is summarized below.
The 2017 consensus statement from the American Society of Addiction Medicine provides guidance on appropriate use of drug testing in substance use disorder.
Medical records should support the need for testing for the specific substance(s) of interest by documentation regarding the diagnosis, history and physical examination and/or behavior of the patient. Medical records should also justify the test that is being used and describe how results of testing will guide medical decision-making.
The ASAM has published several documents on drug testing: a public policy statement, a white paper, which provided background on the science and current practices of drug testing, and guidelines on the effective use of drug testing (ASAM, 2010; ASAM, 2013; Jarvis, 2017; ASAM, 2017).
The ASAM's public policy statement asserts that: "Urine drug testing is a key diagnostic and therapeutic tool that is useful for patient care and in monitoring of the ongoing status of a person who has been treated for addiction. As such, it is a part of medical care, and should not face undue restrictions (ASAM, 2010)". The ASAM recommended drug testing where medically appropriate in clinical diagnostic settings and clinical treatment settings. The term "drug testing" in this document was a broad term that included urine or other body fluids or tissues.
The ASAM White Paper concluded that "The most important challenge in drug testing today is not the identification of every drug that we are technologically capable of detecting, but to do medically necessary and accurate testing for those drugs that are most likely to impact clinical outcomes (ASAM, 2013)." The paper acknowledged that more specific guidance on drug testing was needed, which led to the development of the 2017guidelines, described below.
The ASAM guidance on appropriate drug testing in clinical addiction medicine advises health care providers that before choosing the type of drug test, they should first identify the questions they are seeking to answer and be aware of the benefits and limitations of the various drug tests (ASAM, 2017). The characteristics of urine, oral fluid, and hair drug tests may help determine what type of drug test to use.
The general detection period for urine testing is hours to days. It is point-of-care testing that detects drug metabolite. It is best used for intermediate-term detection in ongoing treatment. A restroom is required for collection. There is low resistance to tampering, and it is possible to retest the same sample.
The general detection period for oral fluid testing is minutes to hours. It is point-of-care testing that detects parent drug compound. It is best used for short-term detection in ongoing treatment. It is easily collected. There is high resistance to tampering with some uncertainty, and it is difficult to retest the same sample.
The general detection period for hair testing is weeks to months. It is not point-of-care testing. It detects parent drug compound. It is best used for long-term monitoring, 3-month history. It is easily collected. There is high resistance to tampering when clinically untreated, and it is easy to retest the same sample.
2022 Update
Annual policy review completed with a literature search using the MEDLINE database through September 2021. No new literature was identified that would prompt a change in the coverage statement. The key identified literature is summarized below.
In 2018, the American Academy of Pain Medicine (AAPM) published consensus recommendations on urine drug monitoring in patients receiving opioid for chronic pain (Argoff, 2018). The AAPM recommended definitive testing at baseline for patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain unless presumptive testing is required by institutional or payer policy. The AAPM also recommended that the choice of substances to be analyzed should be based on considerations that are specific to each patient and related to illicit drug availability. Baseline risk assessment for aberrant medication-taking behavior, misuse, and opioid use disorder should be conducted using patient history, validated risk assessment tools, prescription drug monitoring program data, previous urine drug monitoring results, and evaluation of behaviors indicative of risk. The recommended frequency of urine drug monitoring was based on risk assessment: At least annually for patients at low risk, 2 or more times per year for those at moderate risk, and 3 or more times per year for those at high risk.
2023 Update
Annual policy review completed with a literature search using the MEDLINE database through September 2022. No new literature was identified that would prompt a change in the coverage statement. The key identified literature is summarized below.
Guidelines with evidence reviews of published peer-reviewed scientific literature suggest that the evidence of benefit on health outcomes for drug testing for both patients in chronic pain using opioids and patients with substance use disorder is limited and usually confounded with drug testing as part of a multifaceted intervention of risk mitigation or contingency management. There is also no clear evidence in the literature regarding the most effective frequency of testing (Jarvis, 2017; VA and DoD, 2017).
In 2017, the Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense updated clinical practice guidelines for managing opioid therapy for the treatment of chronic pain (VA and DoD, 2017). The recommendations on risk mitigation to prescribed opioids include obtaining a urine drug test (UDT) (with patient consent) before initiating opioid therapy, and then randomly at a follow-up to confirm appropriate use. Other strategies recommended include clinical assessment such as random pill counts and use of prescription drug monitoring programs.
The guidelines included the following specific recommendations on UDT as part of risk mitigation:
"We recommend implementing risk mitigation strategies upon initiation of long-term opioid therapy, starting with an informed consent conversation covering the risks and benefits of opioid therapy as well as alternative therapies. The strategies and their frequency should be commensurate with risk factors and include:
- Ongoing, random urine drug testing (including appropriate confirmatory testing)
- Checking state prescription drug monitoring programs
- Monitoring for overdose potential and suicidality
- Providing overdose education
- Prescribing of naloxone rescue and accompanying education"
The guideline states that gaining consent is required prior to a UDT; if a patient declines consent, "a provider can factor that declination into their thinking about whether it is safe to continue with opioid therapy for that patient, which is ultimately required if long-term opioid therapy is to be instituted/continued."
2024 Update
Annual policy review completed with a literature search using the MEDLINE database through September 2023. No new literature was identified that would prompt a change in the coverage statement. The key identified literature is summarized below.
According to a 2012 evidence assessment by the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians, approximately one-third of chronic pain patients do not use opioids as prescribed or may abuse them (Manchikanti, 2012). In 2016, the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) reported that between 1999 and 2010, the number of deaths related to the use of prescription opioid painkillers increased 5-fold among U.S. women and increased by a factor of 3.6 among U.S. men (INCB, 2016).,As far as age groups, the INCB reported the rates of drug overdose deaths increased over the period from 1999 to 2017 for all age groups, however in 2017, rates were significantly higher for those 25 to 64 years of age (31.4 per 100,000) than for those age 65 and over (6.9 per 100,000) (INCB, 2020). Additionally, studies have found that a substantial proportion of chronic pain patients inaccurately report nonadherence to prescribed medications and the use of illicit drugs (Fishbain, 1999).
In 2015, the Washington State Agency Medical Directors' Group updated its interagency guidelines on opioid dosing for chronic non-cancer pain (Washington State AMDG, 2015). The guidelines included recommendations on UDT. Recommendations on testing frequency differed depending on the patient risk of opioid addiction and opioid dosage, as listed below:
Low risk: Once per year
Moderate risk: Twice per year
High risk or opioid dose over 120 mg MED/d: 3-4 times per year
Aberrant behavior: Each visit.
In 2020, Washington State Agency Medical Directors' Group released a guideline on long-term opioid therapy prescribing. Use of UDT was mentioned as an element of assessment of patients on long-term opioid therapy (Washington State AMDG, 2020). No pain management guidelines were identified that had recommendations on oral fluid or hair testing.
The ASAM also published a focused update in 2020 focusing on the treatment of opioid use disorder. The guideline states that "urine drug testing is a reasonably practical and reliable method to test for adherence to medication and illicit drug use. However, other reliable biological tests for the presence of drugs may be used. The frequency of drug testing should be determined by a number of factors, including the stability of the patient, the type of treatment, and the treatment setting. Drug testing is required a minimum of eight times per year for patients in OTP [opioid treatment programs]" (ASAM, 2020).
2025 Update
Annual policy review completed with a literature search using the MEDLINE database through November 2024. No new literature was identified that would prompt a change in the coverage statement. The key identified literature is summarized below.
In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published guidelines on opioids for chronic pain (Dowell, 2016). These guidelines were updated and expanded to include management of pain of a shorter duration, and to clarify that they are not applicable to sickle cell disease- or cancer-related pain or patients receiving palliative or end-of-life care, in 2022 (Dowell, 2022). The updated guidelines recommend the following regarding drug testing: "When prescribing opioids for subacute or chronic pain, clinicians should consider the benefits and risks of toxicology testing to assess for prescribed medications as well as other prescribed and nonprescribed controlled substances." The authors note that such testing should not be used punitively, including as a basis for dismissing patients from care, and that clinicians should consider the benefits and risks of toxicology testing prior to initiation and at least annually during opioid therapy. The guideline authors further note that restricting definitive confirmatory testing to situations and substances for which results are expected to affect management (e.g., results will influence decisions with major clinical or non-clinical implications, there is a need to detect specific agents or agents that cannot be identified in standard immunoassays, or to confirm unexpected screening test results) can reduce costs.
2026 Update
Annual policy review completed with a literature search using the MEDLINE database through November 2025. No new literature was identified that would prompt a change in the coverage statement. The key identified literature is summarized below.
In 2017, the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians issued guidelines for responsible, safe, and effective opioid prescribing for chronic non-cancer pain (Manchikanti, 2017). These were updated in 2023 (Manchikanti, 2023). The guidelines included the following recommendations on Urine Drug Testing:
- "Comprehensive evaluation of pain history, medical history, psychosocial history, functional assessment, and appropriate consultations are recommended prior to initiation of opioid therapy." Level of Evidence: Strong; Strength of Evidence: Strong
- "UDM should be implemented at the initiation of opioid therapy and conducted periodically for monitoring therapeutic compliance as per available guidance referential to mode and frequency of testing." Level of Evidence: Moderate; Strength of Evidence: Strong
Current References
- Manchikanti L, Abdi S, Atluri S, et al. American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing in chronic non-cancer pain: Part I--evidence assessment. Pain Physician. Jul 2012; 15(3 Suppl): S1-65. PMID 22786448
- International Narcotics Control Board (INCB). Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2016. 2016; https://www.incb.org/documents/Publications/AnnualReports/AR2016/English/AR2016_E_ebook.pdf. Accessed October 8, 2025.
- International Narcotics Control Board (INCB). Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2020. 2020; https://www.incb.org/documents/Publications/AnnualReports/AR2020/Annual_Report/E_INCB_2020_1_eng.pdf. Accessed October 7, 2025.
- International Narcotics Control Board (INCB). Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2023. 2023; https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/uploads/documents/2024-INCB/2325540E_INCB_Annaul_Report.pdf. Accessed October 5, 2025.
- Fishbain DA, Cutler RB, Rosomoff HL, et al. Validity of self-reported drug use in chronic pain patients. Clin J Pain. Sep 1999; 15(3): 184-91. PMID 10524471
- Manchikanti L, Atluri S, Trescot AM, et al. Monitoring opioid adherence in chronic pain patients: tools, techniques, and utility. Pain Physician. Mar 2008; 11(2 Suppl): S155-80. PMID 18443638
- National Opioid Use Guideline Group (NOUGG). Canadian Guideline for Safe and Effective Use of Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain. Part B: Recommendations for practice. Version 5.6. 2010; https://www.cpd.utoronto.ca/opioidprescribing/files/2016/11/opioid_guideline_part_b_v5_6.pdf. Accessed October 8, 2025.
- Veteran's Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DoD) Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain Work Group. Clinical practice guideline for the use of opioids in the management of chronic pain. 2022; https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/Pain/cot/VADoDOpioidsCPG.pdf. Accessed October 8, 2025.
- Jarvis M, Williams J, Hurford M, et al. Appropriate Use of Drug Testing in Clinical Addiction Medicine. J Addict Med. 2017; 11(3): 163-173. PMID 28557958
- Nuckols TK, Anderson L, Popescu I, et al. Opioid prescribing: a systematic review and critical appraisal of guidelines for chronic pain. Ann Intern Med. Jan 07 2014; 160(1): 38-47. PMID 24217469
- Argoff CE, Alford DP, Fudin J, et al. Rational Urine Drug Monitoring in Patients Receiving Opioids for Chronic Pain: Consensus Recommendations. Pain Med. Jan 01 2018; 19(1): 97-117. PMID 29206984
- Manchikanti L, Kaye AM, Knezevic NN, et al. Responsible, Safe, and Effective Prescription of Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) Guidelines. Pain Physician. Feb 2017; 20(2S): S3-S92. PMID 28226332
- Manchikanti L, Kaye AM, Knezevic NN, et al. Comprehensive, Evidence-Based, Consensus Guidelines for Prescription of Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain from the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP). Pain Physician. Dec 2023; 26(7S): S7-S126. PMID 38117465
- Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain--United States, 2016. JAMA. Apr 19 2016; 315(15): 1624-45. PMID 26977696
- Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, et al. CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain - United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm Rep. Nov 04 2022; 71(3): 1-95. PMID 36327391
- Washington State Agency Medical Directors' Group. Interagency guideline on prescribing opioid dosing for pain. 2015; 3rd: http://www.agencymeddirectors.wa.gov/Files/2015AMDGOpioidGuideline.pdf. Accessed October 7, 2025.
- Washington State Agency Medical Directors' Group. Interagency guideline on opioid prescribing: long-term opioid therapy report and recommendations. 2020;https://www.qualityhealth.org/bree/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/05/Bree-Long-Term-Opioid-Use-Recommendations-FINAL-20-05.pdf. Accessed October 8, 2025.
- American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Public Policy Statement On Drug Testing as a Component of Addiction Treatment and Monitoring Programs and in other Clinical Settings. 2010; https://www.asam.org/advocacy/public-policy-statements. Accessed October 5, 2025.
- American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Drug Testing: A White Paper of the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). 2013; https://cmm.com.au/resources/drug-testing-a-white-paper-of-the-american-society-of-addiction-medicine-asam/. Accessed October 7, 2025.
- The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: 2020 Focused Update. J Addict Med. 2020; 14(2S Suppl 1): 1-91. PMID 32511106
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CPT/HCPCS:
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| 0007U | Drug test(s), presumptive, with definitive confirmation of positive results, any number of drug classes, urine, includes specimen verification including DNA authentication in comparison to buccal DNA, per date of service |
| 0011U | Prescription drug monitoring, evaluation of drugs present by LC MS/MS, using oral fluid, reported as a comparison to an estimated steady state range, per date of service including all drug compounds and metabolites |
| 0082U | Drug test(s), definitive, 90 or more drugs or substances, definitive chromatography with mass spectrometry, and presumptive, any number of drug classes, by instrument chemistry analyzer (utilizing immunoassay), urine, report of presence or absence of each drug, drug metabolite or substance with description and severity of significant interactions per date of service |
| 0093U | Prescription drug monitoring, evaluation of 65 common drugs by LC MS/MS, urine, each drug reported detected or not detected |
| 0143U | Drug assay, definitive, 120 or more drugs or metabolites, urine, quantitative liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), with drug or metabolite description, comments including sample validation, per date of service |
| 0144U | Drug assay, definitive, 160 or more drugs or metabolites, urine, quantitative liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), with drug or metabolite description, comments including sample validation, per date of service |
| 0145U | Drug assay, definitive, 65 or more drugs or metabolites, urine, quantitative liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), with drug or metabolite description, comments including sample validation, per date of service |
| 0146U | Drug assay, definitive, 80 or more drugs or metabolites, urine, by quantitative liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), with drug or metabolite description, comments including sample validation, per date of service |
| 0147U | Drug assay, definitive, 85 or more drugs or metabolites, urine, quantitative liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), with drug or metabolite description, comments including sample validation, per date of service |
| 0148U | Drug assay, definitive, 100 or more drugs or metabolites, urine, quantitative liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), with drug or metabolite description, comments including sample validation, per date of service |
| 0149U | Drug assay, definitive, 60 or more drugs or metabolites, urine, quantitative liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), with drug or metabolite description, comments including sample validation, per date of service |
| 0150U | Drug assay, definitive, 120 or more drugs or metabolites, urine, quantitative liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), with drug or metabolite description, comments including sample validation, per date of service |
| 0227U | Drug assay, presumptive, 30 or more drugs or metabolites, urine, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), with drug or metabolite description, includes sample validation |
| 0328U | Drug assay, definitive, 120 or more drugs and metabolites, urine, quantitative liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), includes specimen validity and algorithmic analysis describing drug or metabolite and presence or absence of risks for a significant patient adverse event, per date of service |
| 0603U | Drug assay, presumptive, 77 drugs or metabolites, urine, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS), results reported as positive or negative |
| 80299 | Quantitation of therapeutic drug, not elsewhere specified |
| 80305 | Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures; capable of being read by direct optical observation only (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, or cartridges]), includes sample validation when performed, per date of service |
| 80306 | Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures; read by instrument assisted direct optical observation (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, dipsticks, cups, cards, or cartridges]), includes sample validation when performed, per date of service |
| 80307 | Drug test(s), presumptive, any number of drug classes, any number of devices or procedures; by instrument chemistry analyzers (eg, utilizing immunoassay [eg, EIA, ELISA, EMIT, FPIA, IA, KIMS, RIA]), chromatography (eg, GC, HPLC), and mass spectrometry either with or without chromatography, (eg, DART, DESI, GC MS, GC MS/MS, LC MS, LC MS/MS, LDTD, MALDI, TOF) includes sample validation when performed, per date of service |
| 80321 | Alcohol biomarkers; 1 or 2 |
| 80322 | Alcohol biomarkers; 3 or more |
| 80323 | Alkaloids, not otherwise specified |
| 80324 | Amphetamines; 1 or 2 |
| 80325 | Amphetamines; 3 or 4 |
| 80326 | Amphetamines; 5 or more |
| 80327 | Anabolic steroids; 1 or 2 |
| 80328 | Anabolic steroids; 3 or more |
| 80332 | Antidepressants, serotonergic class; 1 or 2 |
| 80333 | Antidepressants, serotonergic class; 3 5 |
| 80334 | Antidepressants, serotonergic class; 6 or more |
| 80335 | Antidepressants, tricyclic and other cyclicals; 1 or 2 |
| 80336 | Antidepressants, tricyclic and other cyclicals; 3 5 |
| 80337 | Antidepressants, tricyclic and other cyclicals; 6 or more |
| 80338 | Antidepressants, not otherwise specified |
| 80339 | Antiepileptics, not otherwise specified; 1 3 |
| 80340 | Antiepileptics, not otherwise specified; 4 6 |
| 80341 | Antiepileptics, not otherwise specified; 7 or more |
| 80342 | Antipsychotics, not otherwise specified; 1 3 |
| 80343 | Antipsychotics, not otherwise specified; 4 6 |
| 80344 | Antipsychotics, not otherwise specified; 7 or more |
| 80345 | Barbiturates |
| 80346 | Benzodiazepines; 1 12 |
| 80347 | Benzodiazepines; 13 or more |
| 80348 | Buprenorphine |
| 80349 | Cannabinoids, natural |
| 80350 | Cannabinoids, synthetic; 1 3 |
| 80351 | Cannabinoids, synthetic; 4 6 |
| 80352 | Cannabinoids, synthetic; 7 or more |
| 80353 | Cocaine |
| 80355 | Gabapentin, non blood |
| 80356 | Heroin metabolite |
| 80357 | Ketamine and norketamine |
| 80358 | Methadone |
| 80359 | Methylenedioxyamphetamines (MDA, MDEA, MDMA) |
| 80360 | Methylphenidate |
| 80361 | Opiates, 1 or more |
| 80362 | Opioids and opiate analogs; 1 or 2 |
| 80363 | Opioids and Opiate analogs; 3 or 4 |
| 80364 | Opioids and Opiate analogs; 5 or more |
| 80365 | Oxycodone |
| 80366 | Pregabalin |
| 80367 | Propoxyphene |
| 80368 | Sedative hypnotics (non benzodiazepines) |
| 80369 | Skeletal muscle relaxants; 1 or 2 |
| 80370 | Skeletal muscle relaxants; 3 or more |
| 80371 | Stimulants, synthetic |
| 80372 | Tapentadol |
| 80373 | Tramadol |
| 80374 | Stereoisomer (enantiomer) analysis, single drug class |
| 80375 | Drug(s) or substance(s), definitive, qualitative or quantitative, not otherwise specified; 1 3 |
| 80376 | Drug(s) or substance(s), definitive, qualitative or quantitative, not otherwise specified; 4 6 |
| 80377 | Drug(s) or substance(s), definitive, qualitative or quantitative, not otherwise specified; 7 or more |
| 83992 | Phencyclidine (PCP) |
| G0480 | Drug test(s), definitive, utilizing (1) drug identification methods able to identify individual drugs and distinguish between structural isomers (but not necessarily stereoisomers), including, but not limited to gc/ms (any type, single or tandem) and lc/ms (any type, single or tandem and excluding immunoassays (e.g., ia, eia, elisa, emit, fpia) and enzymatic methods (e.g., alcohol dehydrogenase)), (2) stable isotope or other universally recognized internal standards in all samples (e.g., to control for matrix effects, interferences and variations in signal strength), and (3) method or drug specific calibration and matrix matched quality control material (e.g., to control for instrument variations and mass spectral drift); qualitative or quantitative, all sources, includes specimen validity testing, per day; 1 7 drug class(es), including metabolite(s) if performed |
| G0481 | Drug test(s), definitive, utilizing (1) drug identification methods able to identify individual drugs and distinguish between structural isomers (but not necessarily stereoisomers), including, but not limited to gc/ms (any type, single or tandem) and lc/ms (any type, single or tandem and excluding immunoassays (e.g., ia, eia, elisa, emit, fpia) and enzymatic methods (e.g., alcohol dehydrogenase)), (2) stable isotope or other universally recognized internal standards in all samples (e.g., to control for matrix effects, interferences and variations in signal strength), and (3) method or drug specific calibration and matrix matched quality control material (e.g., to control for instrument variations and mass spectral drift); qualitative or quantitative, all sources, includes specimen validity testing, per day; 8 14 drug class(es), including metabolite(s) if performed |
| G0482 | Drug test(s), definitive, utilizing (1) drug identification methods able to identify individual drugs and distinguish between structural isomers (but not necessarily stereoisomers), including, but not limited to gc/ms (any type, single or tandem) and lc/ms (any type, single or tandem and excluding immunoassays (e.g., ia, eia, elisa, emit, fpia) and enzymatic methods (e.g., alcohol dehydrogenase)), (2) stable isotope or other universally recognized internal standards in all samples (e.g., to control for matrix effects, interferences and variations in signal strength), and (3) method or drug specific calibration and matrix matched quality control material (e.g., to control for instrument variations and mass spectral drift); qualitative or quantitative, all sources, includes specimen validity testing, per day; 15 21 drug class(es), including metabolite(s) if performed |
| G0483 | Drug test(s), definitive, utilizing (1) drug identification methods able to identify individual drugs and distinguish between structural isomers (but not necessarily stereoisomers), including, but not limited to gc/ms (any type, single or tandem) and lc/ms (any type, single or tandem and excluding immunoassays (e.g., ia, eia, elisa, emit, fpia) and enzymatic methods (e.g., alcohol dehydrogenase)), (2) stable isotope or other universally recognized internal standards in all samples (e.g., to control for matrix effects, interferences and variations in signal strength), and (3) method or drug specific calibration and matrix matched quality control material (e.g., to control for instrument variations and mass spectral drift); qualitative or quantitative, all sources, includes specimen validity testing, per day; 22 or more drug class(es), including metabolite(s) if performed |
| G0659 | Drug test(s), definitive, utilizing drug identification methods able to identify individual drugs and distinguish between structural isomers (but not necessarily stereoisomers), including but not limited to gc/ms (any type, single or tandem) and lc/ms (any type, single or tandem), excluding immunoassays (e.g., ia, eia, elisa, emit, fpia) and enzymatic methods (e.g., alcohol dehydrogenase), performed without method or drug specific calibration, without matrix matched quality control material, or without use of stable isotope or other universally recognized internal standard(s) for each drug, drug metabolite or drug class per specimen; qualitative or quantitative, all sources, includes specimen validity testing, per day, any number of drug classes |
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